The class 1044 is an electric mixed-traffic locomotive built for the ÖBB between 1976 and 1995. It used the experiences from the ten class 1043 members, which were basically SJ Rc built by ASEA for evaluation purposes. From this it adopted the thyristor control, what made continuously variable power control possible. The prototypes had an output of 5,400 kW or 7,340 hp, what made them the most powerful four-axle locomotives in the world at this time. The production locomotives had an only slightly lower output at 5,280 kW or 7,180 hp. 

Due to the distinct noise of the cooling fans, these locomotives earned the nickname “Alpenstaubsauger” (“Alpine Vacuum Cleaner”). In the winters following their introduction into service, it became apparent that snow was frequently being sucked into the ventilation system. The remaining locomotives were produced with different modified designs of ventilation grilles and the existing ones received snow separators.

126 locomotives were built between 1976 and 1987 in a first batch. 90 more were built between 1989 and 1995 which are being designated 1044.2. These feature some improvements like modified bogies and better soundproofing. Additionally, the last 75 had a digital system of multiple control for work with other locomotives of the same type. The prototype was rebuilt for high speed tests with modified power transmission, armored windscreens and other pantographs. It reached 241.25 km/h and was found safe to operate at up to 220 km/h. Nevertheless, it suffered damage in 1996 and was reverted back to its original state.

The class 1144 was created in 2002 when the rebuild of all 90 class 1044.2 members begun. They now had the ÖBB standard system for multiple and push-pull control that is compatible with a number of other locomotive classes and driving trailers. Another change was a modified gear ratio that did not change the top speed of 160 km/h, but reduced wear and tear at speed. The locomotives of the first batch were also rebuilt to class 1144 in 2009, but additionally received LED lights which were also retrofitted to the others. The first withdrawals took place in 2018. In 2004, eight were sold to Grenland Rail in Norway.