The EN57 is a three-car electric multiple unit built for the Polish State Railways between 1961 and 1993. It was designed for commuter and suburban traffic and therefore has a high number of doors on either side. Each set is composed of a central power car with four traction motors and a control car at each end.

A total of 1,412 were constructed, which have a power of 580, 700 or 1,000 kW depending on construction year. Additionally, 20 were produced as four-car EN71 and 30 EN57 were rebuilt. Many are still operational today with the regional operators. Most of these have been modernised, often with new fronts or even totally new car bodies.

To modernize traffic on narrow-gauge railways, PKP had a railcar developed by FAUR in Romania. In the years 1984 to 1986 a total of twelve vehicles for meter gauge and 20 for 750 mm gauge were built. At the same time, 100 passenger cars were built that looked similar to the MBxd2. However, these were mostly pulled by locomotives and only very sporadically attached to the railcars. After passenger traffic had been discontinued on many narrow-gauge railways around the turn of the millennium, some private companies took over the vehicles and used them again on these lines.

The Link is a modular diesel multiple unit from the Polish manufacturer Pesa, which can be ordered with one to four cars and with different entry heights. The two-car variant is powered by two MTU six-cylinder engines with 390 kW each, while the others use one or two twelve-cylinder engines with 565 or 625 kW each. In Germany in particular, there were various technical problems and problems with certification, which were related, among other things, to the loading gauge being exceeded. As a result, some orders were canceled and the start of operations for some customers was delayed until 2018. A DB framework contract for up to 470 vehicles expired after 73 vehicles were called off.