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Central South African class E
South African classes H1 and 13
South Africa | 1901 | 35 produced
as built as 4-10-2T
as built as 4-10-2T
archive SAR

During the Second Boer War, the British troops urgently needed powerful tank locomotives. Since the Natal Government Railways had already procured a ten-coupled tank locomotive from British production, the Reid Tenwheeler, they used this design and ordered 35 units as well. The order was divided between Dübs and Neilson, Reid in order to achieve a larger number in a short time. A visible difference to the NGR locomotives was the weatherboard on the coal bunker, which also offered protection from the elements when reversing. The military machines also attracted attention due to the brass parts on the boiler that were always polished to a high gloss.

after the rebuild to 4-8-2T
after the rebuild to 4-8-2T
archive SAR

The first and fifth coupled axles were designed without wheel flanges for better maneuverability, which, however, was fatal to the locomotives in some situations. Especially when reversing, there were often derailments when entering tight curves or switches because the leading coupled axle had no wheel flanges. One attempted solution was to widen the wheel tyres, but this had only limited success. Despite this problem, the engines provided valuable service during the war until they came to the CSAR at the end of the war.

after the rebuilt to 4-8-0TT
after the rebuilt to 4-8-0TT
Locomotive Magazine, December 1905

In order to really improve negotiation of curves and prevent derailments, it was decided, like the NGR, to remove the fifth coupled axle and thus convert six of the locomotives into a 4-8-2T wheel arrangement. A very large distance between the fourth coupled axle and the trailing axle was now visible, and the load on the trailing axle increased from just over four to just over six tons. With the formation of South African Railways they became Class E as tank locomotives were designated with letters. They were mainly used for shunting and were retired by 1966.

A sample of the former 4-8-0TT without side tanks in November 1974 in the Albion Mines
A sample of the former 4-8-0TT without side tanks in November 1974 in the Albion Mines
Dennis Mitchell

Another conversion was made in 1904, initially on one engine that was intended to increase the range that was too short in the eyes of the SAR. The last coupled axle and the trailing axle were removed together with the coal bunker, the frame was shortened accordingly and an additional tender was attached. Since the water tanks on the sides of the boiler had been retained, it was the design known in English-speaking countries as "Tank and Tender" with the wheel arrangement 4-8-0TT.

Since the second rebuild was successful, all remaining 28 engines were rebuilt in the same form and provided with surplus three-axle tenders. With the SAR they received the class number 13, since tender locomotives were designated with numbers. They were mostly used in the Witwatersrand region, where they were nicknamed “wallopers”, which means “wall runners” in Afrikaans. After their decommissioning, which was completed by 1961, some examples were sold to various mine operators. Some of these locomotives were used until the 1980s, after the side tanks had been removed from some in the meantime.

Variantas builtrebuilt 4-8-2Trebuilt 4-8-0TT
General
Built1901-190219031904
ManufacturerDübs & Co., Neilson, Reid & Co.CSAR
Axle config4-10-2T (Reid Tenwheeler) 4-8-2T (Mountain) 4-8-0TT (Twelve-wheeler) 
Gauge3 ft 6 in (Cape gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Length37 ft 6 in50 ft 8 1/4 in
Wheelbase30 ft 6 in43 ft 0 1/2 in
Rigid wheelbase16 ft 8 in12 ft 6 in
Service weight154,224 lbs152,320 lbs135,744 lbs
Adhesive weight122,752 lbs116,480 lbs115,920 lbs
Axle load27,440 lbs29,120 lbs30,912 lbs
Water capacity2,258 us gal5,184 us gal
Fuel capacity8,960 lbs (coal)12,320 lbs (coal)
Boiler
Grate area21 sq ft
Firebox area135 sq ft
Tube heating area1,359 sq ft
Evaporative heating area1,494 sq ft
Total heating area1,494 sq ft
Variantas builtrebuilt 4-8-2Trebuilt 4-8-0TT
Power Plant
Driver diameter45 in
Boiler pressure175 psi
Expansion typesimple
Cylinderstwo, 19 x 27 in
Power
Power sourcesteam
Estimated power750 hp (559 kW)
Optimal speed15 mph
Starting effort32,219 lbf
Calculated Values
steam locomotive
tank locomotive
freight
passenger
tank and tender
last changed: 10/2022
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