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Alstom Coradia A TER
DB AG class 641 and French State Railway X 73500 and X 73900
Germany | 1999
371 produced
SNCF X 73520 of TER Alsace in March 2009 in Mulhouse
SNCF X 73520 of TER Alsace in March 2009 in Mulhouse
Hugh Llewelyn

Shortly before the turn of the millennium, Deutsche Bahn and SNCF started a cooperation to develop a modern, single car diesel multiple unit. Partner companies were the French De Dietrich Ferroviaire and German Linke-Hofmann-Busch, both of which now belong to the French Alstom group. Thus, the resulting vehicle was subsequently added to the Alstrom Coradia family, while the “TER” stands for “Transport express régional”, which is used in France for fast regional trains. While in France they are also known by the nicknames „cucumber”, “suppository” and “sausage” because of their shape, in both countries they are usually called “whale” or “blue whale”.

The special thing about the vehicles is that the engines are located at both ends in front of the bogies in the floor and result in a massive appearance. The power is transmitted to the inner axle of the adjacent bogie via a Voith hydrodynamic transmission. This structure allows for a floor height of 55 cm in the middle part, which is positive when used at rural stations without a high platform.

The vehicles were built in both countries of origin, 40 of them in Germany. These are operated by DB Regio as class 641 and are primarily used on non-electrified branch lines. By far the most common variant is the X 73500 of the SNCF, which has a top speed of 140 km/h and of which 312 examples were built. There are also 19 X 73900s for cross-border traffic to the Saarland, which can be used in multiple traction with the German vehicles, and six units from the 2100 series of the Luxembourg CFL.

In France, the vehicles repeatedly make negative headlines because they have been involved in accidents at level crossings with barriers failing to close and in incidents when shunting. This was attributed to the fact that the vehicles often do not trigger track circuits for switching barriers or signals because they either have too few axles or, due to their low weight, do not sufficiently displace dirt on the tracks and thus prevent contact closure. As a countermeasure, they are often used in multiple, even if the number of passengers does not require this.

VariantBR 641, X 73900X 73500
General
Built1999-2004
ManufacturerAlstom LHB, Alstom DDF
Axle config1A-A1 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats80
Dimensions and Weights
Length92 ft 3 5/16 in
Wheelbase64 ft 3 5/8 in
Rigid wheelbase6 ft 10 11/16 in
Empty weight107,365 lbs
Boiler
VariantBR 641, X 73900X 73500
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-hydraulic
Top speed75 mph87 mph
EngineMAN D 2866
Engine type2x 6-cyl. diese1
Engine output689 hp (514 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
local
Alstom Coradia
last changed: 02/2022
DB 641 031 in August 2016 in Hof
DB 641 031 in August 2016 in Hof
Simon Scharfenberger
Alstom Coradia Continental
Germany | 2008
more than 218 produced
Agilis 440 608 as RB51 Plattling-Neumarkt
Agilis 440 608 as RB51 Plattling-Neumarkt
Steffen Werzinger

The second production vehicle from the LIREX family is the Coradia Continental, which was developed directly from the Coradia Nordic and is intended for use in Central Europe. Like the predecessor, these trains are also built in Salzgitter in the former Linke-Hoffmann-Busch works. These trains can be recognized visually by the straight side walls, which were necessary due to the narrower loading gauge in Central Europe compared to Sweden. The end cars were initially available in two different lengths, with the longer version having an additional crumple zone. This original head shape earned the trains the nickname “Pug Face”. Since the new crash standards came into force, a head shape with a different design has been manufactured and the trains have since been classified as the class 1440.

As with the predecessors, almost all of the propulsion technology, apart from the traction motors, is on the roof. While the transformers and power converters can be found on the end cars, the pantographs and various auxiliary units are on the intermediate cars. Three-, four- and five-car trains are available, in which three or four bogies are powered with 250 kW continuous power per axle. In the four-car classes 440.0 and 440.1, four of the five bogies are powered, and in the five-car 440.2, four of the six bogies are powered. The classes 440.3 and 440.4 are available as three-car sets, in which three and all of the four bogies are powered, respectively. The same applies to the variants of the class 1440, except that there is no 1440.4.

As with many modern new acquisitions, there were many teething problems, software problems and delivery delays in the early stages. Up until 2017, the Coradia Continental was conspicuous by excessive signs of wear affecting the traction motors and wheelsets. A total of 380 trains had been ordered by mid-2020, most of them from DB Regio. There they are used in the S-Bahn networks of Rhine-Ruhr, Nuremberg and in Breisgau, as well as in various other regions as regional express or regional trains. Other operators are NordWestBahn, agilis, Metronom, Verkehrsverbund Mittelsachsen and Hessische Landesbahn.

Variant440.0 and 440.1440.2440.3440.4
General
Builtsince 2008
ManufacturerAlstom
Axle configB-B-2-B-B B-B-2-2-B-B B-2-B-B B-B-B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats240293200188
Dimensions and Weights
Length232 ft 7 5/16 in286 ft 5 in178 ft 9 11/16 in189 ft 7 9/16 in
Rigid wheelbase8 ft 10 5/16 in
Empty weight308,647 lbs370,376 lbs246,917 lbs262,350 lbs
Service weight388,013 lbs302,033 lbs317,465 lbs
Boiler
Variant440.0 and 440.1440.2440.3440.4
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Hourly power3,862 hp (2,880 kW)2,897 hp (2,160 kW)3,862 hp (2,880 kW)
Continuous power2,682 hp (2,000 kW)2,012 hp (1,500 kW)2,682 hp (2,000 kW)
Top speed99 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
local
regional
Alstom Coradia
last changed: 05/2022
Class 1440.0 of line S4 of the Nuremberg S-Bahn in July 2020
Class 1440.0 of line S4 of the Nuremberg S-Bahn in July 2020
Zug Videos Bilder
Alstom Coradia LINT
DB AG classes 640, 648, 620, 622 and 623
Germany | 1999
more than 1,000 produced
DB Regio LINT 27 in June 2011 in Siegen
DB Regio LINT 27 in June 2011 in Siegen
Hugh Llewelyn

The company Linke-Hofmann-Busch, which now belongs to Alstom, developed the LINT in the 1990s, which stands for “Leichter Innovativer Nahverkehrs-Triebwagen” (“Light Innovative Local Transport Railcar”). These are diesel railcars, which are available in four variants, each consisting of one to three car bodies. The variants are denoted by a number that indicates the approximate length in meters. The variants can be coupled to each other and enable the simultaneous operation of up to 17 units. Worth mentioning is the iLINT powered by hydrogen fuel cells, which will be described in a separate article.

The smallest variant is the LINT 27, which consists of only one four-axle car and operates as the class 640. Like all LINTs, it is powered by a horizontally installed six-cylinder from MTU, which here has an output of 315 kW and drives both axles of a bogie. In contrast to all other variants, however, the power is not transmitted mechanically but hydraulically. A special version is used on the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway, in which most of the seats have been exchanged for bicycle spaces and which is used in combination with larger LINTs.

The two-car LINT 41 is used as class 648 and, thanks to a central Jakobs bogie, only needs three bogies in total. It achieves the largest number of units and is also listed as class 1648 or 623 by some private operators. Optionally, this and the two larger variants can be ordered with a toilet, luggage compartment and ticket machine. The engines each have 315, 335 or 390 kW and allow a top speed of 120 or 140 km/h. The most powerful variant is used by the Bayerische Regiobahn, which is operated by Transdev GmbH.

The LINT 54 also consists of two cars, with each car having two bogies of its own. It carries the class number 622 or 1622. Normally, three of the four bogies are each driven by a 390 kW engine. Only the erixx version suffices with two engines and two powered bogies

The LINT 81 is offered as a three-car variant, which runs as class 620 and basically corresponds to the 54 model with an additional middle car. This has an additional drive system, which means that it has four engines and eight driven axles out of a total of twelve.

All four variants are used by DB Regio and several private operators. The area of application covers practically all of Germany, with a focus on the less electrified northern parts of the country. Common problems involve the engines, ranging from failed turbochargers to fires. There is also talk of irreparable design errors in the air conditioning systems, which prompted the erixx company to hand out woolen blankets to the passengers.

VariantLINT 27LINT 41LINT 54LINT 81
General
Builtsince 1999since 2011
ManufacturerAlstom
Axle configB-2 B-2-B B-2+B-B B-2+B-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats70129180300
Dimensions and Weights
Length89 ft 5 1/4 in137 ft 2 1/16 in178 ft 0 5/8 in265 ft 5 13/16 in
Wheelbase114 ft 6 in
Rigid wheelbase6 ft 2 13/16 in8 ft 10 5/16 in6 ft 2 13/16 in
Empty weight90,389 lbs139,993 lbs216,053 lbs304,238 lbs
Boiler
VariantLINT 27LINT 41LINT 54LINT 81
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-hydraulicdiesel-mechanic
Top speed75 mph87 mph
EngineMTU 6R 183 TD 13HMTU 6H 1800 R84P/R85L
Engine type6-cyl. diesel2x 6-cyl. diese13x 6-cyl. diesel4x 6-cyl. diesel
Fuel423 us gal (diesel)
Engine output422 hp (315 kW)845 hp (630 kW)1,569 hp (1,170 kW)2,092 hp (1,560 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
local
Alstom Coradia
last changed: 01/2023
vlexx  LINT 54 and LINT 81 in December 2018 in Rüsselsheim
vlexx LINT 54 and LINT 81 in December 2018 in Rüsselsheim
Matti Blume
Alstom Coradia LIREX
DB AG class 618
Germany | 2000
only one produced
The LIREX in March 2003 in Wittenberge
The LIREX in March 2003 in Wittenberge
Gustav Richard

In the 1990s, Linke-Hoffmann-Busch, now known as Alstom Transport Deutschland, developed a modern, completely low-floor multiple unit with a modular drivetrain. It was introduced as LIREX, which means "light, innovative regional express". The basic concept for achieving the required properties consisted of combining the multiple unit from short car bodies that stood on special single-axle chassis and accommodating the majority of the propulsion technology on the roof.

Strictly speaking, the chassis was not a matter of individual axles, but of “curve-controlled individual wheel chassis” (KERF). The train was made up of two three-part halves, each with a two-axle car body in the middle. This was followed by another car body on both sides, which only stood on one axle and still achieved stable driving characteristics thanks to the steered wheels. In the entire train, six of the eight axles were equipped with a traction motor, which was powered by a total of four light diesel generators, each with 338 kW. Using a flywheel storage device, part of the braking energy could be recovered and reused for the next acceleration phase.

Only one set was built, which was used as a regional express between Magdeburg and Wittenberge. The passenger compartment, whose floor had a maximum height of 790 mm above the rails, was equipped with different, innovative seating arrangements and new types of entertainment electronics. Thanks to the short car bodies, it was possible to create more interior space with an external width of 3,042 mm and to arrange up to five seats in a row. A planned exchange of the four diesel generators for appropriate pantographs and converters did not take place. The vehicle was parked in 2006 and has been for sale since 2016. The Coradia Nordic was later developed as a successor without the individual wheel chassis, but with drive technology also housed in the roof area, and the Coradia Continental, which is also used in Germany, was based on this.

General
Built2000
ManufacturerAlstom LHB
Axle configA-1-A-A+A-A-1-A 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats300
Dimensions and Weights
Length224 ft 8 7/16 in
Empty weight352,739 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-electric
Top speed99 mph
Engine output1,813 hp (1,352 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
local
regional
prototype
Alstom Coradia
last changed: 02/2022
Berlin Commuter Company class 480
Germany | 1986
85 produced
S9 towards Schönefeld Airport in November 2014 at Hohen Neuendorf station
S9 towards Schönefeld Airport in November 2014 at Hohen Neuendorf station
Christian Liebscher

In order to be able to replace the outdated vehicles of the West Berlin S-Bahn, the BVG had the class 480 developed in the 1980s. Due to the special requirements in Berlin, completely new vehicles had to be developed that could benefit from the latest technology. A 90 kW three-phase motor was used on all axles, which enabled faster acceleration with lower losses. The smallest unit is the so-called “quarter train”, which consists of two permanently connected vehicles, each with a cab. One to four of these are coupled together during operation.

Since the class 481 was developed for the entire Berlin after reunification, only 85 quarter trains were built. The trains were nicknamed “Toasters”. After the introduction of the newer vehicles, they were no longer used across the entire network. However, since they are still needed, they were modernized between 2015 and 2018. From 2020 they also received the BVG's new train control system. So far there is only a short text for this vehicle. In the future it will be described in more detail.

General
Built1986-1987, 1990-1994
ManufacturerAEG, Siemens, Waggon-Union
Axle configB-B+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats92
Dimensions and Weights
Length120 ft 8 13/16 in
Wheelbase46 ft 11 in
Rigid wheelbase7 ft 2 5/8 in
Empty weight132,277 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - DC
Electric system750 V
Hourly power966 hp (720 kW)
Top speed62 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
suburban
last changed: 11/2023
Bombardier Talent
DB AG classes 643 and 644 and Austrian Federal Railways classes 4023, 4024 and 4124
Germany | 1996
780 produced
ÖBB 4024 in May 2018 in Unzmarkt
ÖBB 4024 in May 2018 in Unzmarkt
Mö1997
Variantdiesel-mechanicdiesel-electricelectric three-carelectric four-car
General
Built1996-2008
ManufacturerTalbot, Bombardier
Axle configB-2-B B-2-2-B B-2-2-2-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats80137151199
Dimensions and Weights
Length113 ft 6 5/8 in158 ft 7 15/16 in170 ft 11 15/16 in219 ft 4 11/16 in
Empty weight126,766 lbs158,733 lbs212,746 lbs255,736 lbs
Boiler
Variantdiesel-mechanicdiesel-electricelectric three-carelectric four-car
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-mechanicdiesel-electricelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz, 25,000 V 50 Hz
Hourly power1,931 hp (1,440 kW)2,038 hp (1,520 kW)
Top speed75 mph87 mph
EngineCummins N14 E R
Engine type2x 6-cyl. diese1
Engine output845 hp (630 kW)1,354 hp (1,010 kW)
Calculated Values
EMU
DMU
local
regional
multi-system
Bombardier multiple unit
Bombardier Talent
Bombardier Talent 2
DB AG classes 442 and 443
Germany | 2008
464 produced
442 620 in September 2012 in Saarmund
442 620 in September 2012 in Saarmund
Werner & Hansjörg Brutzer

The Talent 2 is a multiple-unit train for suburban and regional trains that was introduced by Bombardier in 2008. These are two- to six-car trains, which also suppor multiple working with up to four trainsets and, especially in the interior, can be set up flexibly for the respective area of application. Deutsche Bahn designates the end cars as class 442 and the middle cars as the 443 series.

Two cars each are connected by a Jakobs bogie, of which roughly every second one has two traction motors, each with 505 kW. For example, the four-car train could be ordered with either two or three powered bogies. Depending on the length of the train, this results in an output of 1,010, 2,020, 3,030 or 4,040 kW. The Talent 2 thus achieves the rapid acceleration of up to 1.1 m/s² required for S-Bahn trains and can also achieve a braking deceleration of 0.9 m/s² with the help of the installed magnetic rail brakes.

Within a short space of time, Deutsche Bahn ordered 295 units with a total volume of 1.2 billion euros. The certification was repeatedly plagued by technical problems, which were not only in the software or power train, but also in the insulation and soundproofing of the driver's cabs. This led to delays of about two years and subsequent conversions. DB Regio Bayern also had to provide the drivers with long underwear and electric blankets at times, which did not exactly have a positive effect on the image of the trains.

Finally, in March 2011, certification for the Nuremberg S-Bahn was granted, initially limited to 140 km/h. The operation started without the official takeover by the railway, since not all defects had been remedied. Since the trains are configured differently for each area of application, certification for each additional version had to be carried out separately. Over time, there were a total of 440 orders that were processed by 2019.

Varianttwo-carfour-carfour-car high powersix-car
General
Built2008-2019
ManufacturerBombardier
Axle configB-2-2 B-2-2-2-B B-2-B-2-B B-2-B-2-B-2-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats120250340
Dimensions and Weights
Length131 ft 6 3/4 in184 ft 4 5/8 in237 ft 2 7/16 in342 ft 10 3/16 in
Rigid wheelbase9 ft 2 1/4 in
Boiler
Varianttwo-carfour-carfour-car high powersix-car
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Hourly power1,354 hp (1,010 kW)2,709 hp (2,020 kW)4,063 hp (3,030 kW)5,418 hp (4,040 kW)
Continuous power1,019 hp (760 kW)2,038 hp (1,520 kW)3,058 hp (2,280 kW)4,077 hp (3,040 kW)
Top speed99 mph
Starting effort15,737 lbf31,698 lbf46,086 lbf60,698 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
local
regional
Bombardier multiple unit
Bombardier Talent
last changed: 02/2022
Two five-car trains from National Express in July 2016 in Bockum-Hövel
Two five-car trains from National Express in July 2016 in Bockum-Hövel
Rob Dammers
Bombardier Talent 3
Austrian Federal Railways class 4758
Germany | 2017
138 produced
ÖBB 4758 in Cityjet livery
ÖBB 4758 in Cityjet livery
Falk2

While the Talent 2 was a completely new development and not based on the first generation, the Talent 3 is only a further development of the Talent 2. In contrast to its predecessor, the third generation was not only intended for use in Germany, but could be configured with a variety of options for use in several European countries.

The electrical equipment could be ordered for a choice of both AC systems common in Europe and both DC systems. Although the ordered trains were all certified for 160 km/h, a maximum speed of 200 km/h could also be ordered. The trains could not only be ordered in a three- and a six-car variant, adaptations to different platform heights were also available.

Due to delays in certification and delivery, Bombardier lost a number of orders and other potential customers. An ÖBB tender for 300 trains fell through and instead only a few units of the multiple units designated as class 4758 were accepted. The South Tyrolean transport structures STA also replaced the non-certified Talent 3 with Alstom Coradia Stream. In Germany, some examples were sold to vlexx, SWEG and Abellio, all of which were given the Talent 2 design.

Six of the 21 vlexx trains have been converted into battery multiple units that can be charged via the overhead line and can therefore cover non-electrified sections of the route. Bombardier presented a variant in 2018 that was factory-made as a battery multiple unit. It could travel up to 40 km without a catenary and was even supposed to cover 100 km later in production variant. By the beginning of 2022, only the first trial operation had taken place in southern Germany.

After Alstom bought Bombardier's rail vehicle division, the plant in Hennigsdorf, where the Talent 3 was manufactured, had to be sold for antitrust reasons. The design of the trains was sold to the Spanish CAF. Alstom then announced that it would process the last open orders at its plant in Bautzen. Furthermore, the knowledge gained from the development of battery railcars is now primarily used for their own products.

Variantthree carsix-carbattery
General
Builtsince 2017since 2018
ManufacturerBombardier
Axle config   
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Length184 ft 4 5/8 in342 ft 10 3/16 in184 ft 4 5/8 in
Boiler
Variantthree carsix-carbattery
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC/DCelectric - battery + AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz, 25,000 V 50 Hz, 3,000 V15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Hourly power2,709 hp (2,020 kW)5,418 hp (4,040 kW)2,709 hp (2,020 kW)
Continuous power2,038 hp (1,520 kW)4,077 hp (3,040 kW)2,038 hp (1,520 kW)
Top speed99 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
local
regional
multi-system
battery
Bombardier multiple unit
Bombardier Talent
last changed: 05/2022
Bombardier TWINDEXX Vario
DB AG classes 445 and 446
Germany | 2013
more than 152 produced
Four-car Twindexx of class 445 in July 2018 near Harrbach on the Frankfurt-Bamberg line
Four-car Twindexx of class 445 in July 2018 near Harrbach on the Frankfurt-Bamberg line
Rob Dammers

To complement the successful Bombardier double-deck coaches, motor cars are being offered since 2013. Each motor car includes the same equipment as a standalone locomotive. Depending on the entry height, these are classified as class 445 or 446 and can be combined with trailers and control cars. Optionally the top speed can be increased to 189 km/h. For the “Intercity 2”, the DB uses the corresponding trailers and control cars together with a TRAXX 2. So far there is only a short text for this vehicle. In the future it will be described in more detail.

Variantpower car + trailer + control carpower car + 4 trailers + power car
General
Builtsince 2013
ManufacturerBombardier
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2 B-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats299695
Dimensions and Weights
Length262 ft 7 9/16 in522 ft 2 1/8 in
Empty weight383,604 lbs731,934 lbs
Boiler
Variantpower car + trailer + control carpower car + 4 trailers + power car
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Hourly power3,084 hp (2,300 kW)6,169 hp (4,600 kW)
Top speed99 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
twin deck
regional
power cars
Bombardier multiple unit
Bombardier Twindexx
last changed: 02/2023
DB AG CargoSprinter
later classes 690 and 691
Germany | 1996
7 produced
Windhoff-CargoSprinter (series 690) as an ÖBB tunnel rescue train in August 2020 in Spittal-Millstättersee
Windhoff-CargoSprinter (series 690) as an ÖBB tunnel rescue train in August 2020 in Spittal-Millstättersee
Tobias b köhler

In 1995, DB AG ordered a total of seven freight multiple units for a payload of 160 tonnes and a speed of 120 km/h or 75 mph from Windhoff and Talbot in 1995. At the ends there was a motor car with two 265 kW (355 hp) truck diesel engines from Volvo, a cab and a 40-foot platform for ISO containers. The class 690 from Windhoff also had three car with two steering axles in between. In the class 691 from Talbot, a three-car middle section with two-axle Jacobs bogies was used. The DB ultimately decided against the vehicle concept for container transport and Windhoff further developed the CargoSprinter into the MPV multi-purpose vehicle. So far there is only a short text for this vehicle. In the future it will be described in more detail.

Variant690691
General
Built1996
ManufacturerWindhoffTalbot
Axle config1A-A1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1A-A1 1A-A1+2-2-2-2+1A-A1 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Length296 ft 5 1/2 in293 ft 10 3/8 in
Empty weight266,759 lbs249,122 lbs
Service weight619,498 lbs601,861 lbs
Boiler
Variant690691
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-mechanic
Top speed75 mph
EngineVolvo
Engine type4x 6-cyl. diesel
Engine output1,421 hp (1,060 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
baggage railcar
last changed: 02/2023
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