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Tender Locomotives 4-10-0 “Mastodon” and 4-10-2 “Reid Ten-wheeler”[Inhalt]
UIC Classification 2'E and 2'E1'
Baldwin No. 60000
United States | 1926 | only one produced

The Baldwin locomotive with the works number 60000 was a prototype that was built at their own expense in 1926 and with which the company wanted to set the course for locomotive construction of the future. It had the 4-10-2 wheel arrangement and a three-cylinder compound engine with three cylinders of the same size, the inner one serving as high-pressure cylinder.

What was special about the boiler was that the sides of the firebox were made of four-inch water pipes. They were connected at the top with 26-inch horizontal pipes that continued into the boiler barrel. The pressure was 350 psi (24.1 bars), which was significantly higher than conventional locomotives. In addition, a Worthington 4-BL feedwater heater was used.

The 60000 was intended to pull trains of up to 7,000 short tons and achieved an output of 4,515 hp at the drawbar. It was loaned to the PRR, B&O, Burlington Route, ATSF and Southern Pacific for trials and was even temporarily converted to oil firing by the SP. Although it performed very well and pulled up to 7,700 short tons, the railroads found the maintenance too expensive and no orders were placed. Today the 60000 is in the Franklin Institute Science Museum in Philadelphia.

General
Built1926
ManufacturerBaldwin
Axle config4-10-2 (Reid Tenwheeler) 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Wheelbase45 ft 2 in
Rigid wheelbase22 ft 10 in
Total wheelbase86 ft 11 1/4 in
Service weight457,500 lbs
Adhesive weight338,400 lbs
Total weight700,900 lbs
Axle load68,000 lbs
Water capacity12,000 us gal
Fuel capacity32,000 lbs (coal)
Boiler
Grate area82.5 sq ft
Firebox area772 sq ft
Tube heating area4,420 sq ft
Evaporative heating area5,192 sq ft
Superheater area1,357 sq ft
Total heating area6,549 sq ft
Power Plant
Driver diameter63.5 in
Boiler pressure350 psi
Expansion typecompound
Cylindersthree, HP: 27 x 32 in
and LP: 27 x 32 in
Power
Power sourcesteam
Estimated power5,200 hp (3,878 kW)
Optimal speed30 mph
Top speed70 mph
Starting effort109,293 lbf
with start valve131,152 lbf
Calculated Values
steam locomotive
freight
prototype
last changed: 12/2023
Bulgarian State Railway class 11
Bulgaria | 1941 | 17 produced
flickr/Ivaylo Klimentov

The class 11 of the Bulgarian State Railways was a 4-10-0 locomotive for heavy mixed traffic. As a part of the Bulgarian standard program, they were heavily influenced by the German standard locomotives of the Reichsbahn. Like most Bulgarian standard locomotives, they had three cylinders. Thanks to the first driving axle being laterally movable, they could negotiate curves with a radius of 140 meters.

The first ten were built in 1941 and 1942 by Henschel. Two other batches of five and seven were ordered from Škoda and Borsig. Due to relocation of production capacities in favor of the war locomotives, the order for Škoda was cancelled. Thanks to the close relationship between Germany and Bulgaria, the order for Borsig was built anyway.

After only a few years, they were only used in freight service. By 1965, they got a mixed coal and oil firing. Even though they were not very popular with their crews, they were only replaced by diesel locomotives around 1970. In 1975, they were officially retired and scrapped.

General
Built1941-1943
ManufacturerHenschel, Borsig
Axle config4-10-0 (Mastodon) 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Length75 ft 9 5/8 in
Wheelbase35 ft 9 1/8 in
Rigid wheelbase17 ft 4 11/16 in
Total wheelbase64 ft 3 7/8 in
Empty weight222,005 lbs
Service weight238,540 lbs
Adhesive weight187,393 lbs
Total weight395,068 lbs
Axle load37,479 lbs
Water capacity7,397 us gal
Fuel capacity28,660 lbs (coal)
Boiler
Grate area52.4 sq ft
Firebox area188.4 sq ft
Tube heating area2,223.8 sq ft
Evaporative heating area2,412.2 sq ft
Superheater area881.6 sq ft
Total heating area3,293.8 sq ft
Power Plant
Driver diameter57.1 in
Boiler pressure232 psi
Expansion typesimple
Cylindersthree, 20 1/2 x 27 9/16 in
Power
Power sourcesteam
Estimated power2,146 hp (1,600 kW)
Optimal speed23 mph
Top speed47 mph
Starting effort59,873 lbf
Calculated Values
steam locomotive
passenger
freight
last changed: 05/2024
Central Pacific “El Gobernador”
United States | 1884 | only one produced
Henry B. Comstock, „The Iron Horse, An Illustrated History”

In search of an even more powerful locomotive than the GE class with the 4-8-0 wheel arrangement, A.J. Stevens expanded this with another driving axle. The only locomotive built with this wheel arrangement was christened “El Gobernator”.

In order to still be able to run through all curves, the last driving axle was mounted so that it could be moved sideways and the third and fourth were designed without wheel flanges. The cylinders were only 21 inches in diameter, but had an extremely long stroke of 36 inches to achieve the power required. The valve gear was of a design Stevens had developed himself.

Although the locomotive was presented to the public, no use was found for this size class at the time. It also turned out that the boiler did not produce enough steam for the large cylinders. It was scrapped about ten years after completion.

General
Built1884
ManufacturerSacramento
Axle config4-10-0 (Mastodon) 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Wheelbase28 ft 11 in
Rigid wheelbase19 ft 7 in
Total wheelbase52 ft 8 in
Service weight154,000 lbs
Adhesive weight130,000 lbs
Total weight217,000 lbs
Axle load26,750 lbs
Water capacity3,000 us gal
Fuel capacity10,000 lbs (coal)
Boiler
Grate area29.8 sq ft
Firebox area197 sq ft
Tube heating area1,258 sq ft
Evaporative heating area1,455 sq ft
Total heating area1,455 sq ft
Power Plant
Driver diameter57 in
Boiler pressure135 psi
Expansion typesimple
Cylinderstwo, 21 x 36 in
Power
Power sourcesteam
Estimated power675 hp (503 kW)
Optimal speed13 mph
Starting effort31,961 lbf
Calculated Values
steam locomotive
freight
prototype
A.J. Stevens
last changed: 03/2023
Southern Pacific classes SP-1 to SP-3
United States | 1925 | 49 produced
SP-2 No.5018
SP-2 No.5018
R.W. Biermann / collection Taylor Rush

To pull heavy freight and passenger trains over the Sierra Nevada, the Southern Pacific ordered large locomotives for mixed service from ALCO Schenectady in 1925. They were the first locomotives in the USA with the 4-10-2 wheel arrangement, so the SP called them "Southern Pacific", which led to the class designation SP-1.

In order to better cope with the boiler's high output, they had three cylinders. While the outer two each had their own Walschaert valve gear, the middle one was controlled via Gresley's conjugated valve gear. It also had a stroke that was four inches shorter. For starting off, a booster was also installed on the trailing axle

By 1927, 49 locomotives had been built in three batches, designated SP-1 to SP-3. They were initially supposed to be used at Donner Pass, but the five driving axles proved to be too rigid there. They now came to the Sunset Route, which ran east from Los Angeles, where they pulled heavy trains over the grades at speeds of 30 to 35 mph. Today only SP-2 No. 5021 exists, which was last restored in 1965 and is now in Pomona, California.

General
Built1925-1927
ManufacturerALCO
Axle config4-10-2 (Reid Tenwheeler)
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Wheelbase45 ft 3 in
Rigid wheelbase22 ft 10 in
Total wheelbase88 ft 3 in
Service weight445,000 lbs
Adhesive weight316,000 lbs
Total weight737,700 lbs
Axle load63,200 lbs
Water capacity12,150 us gal
Fuel capacity4,912 lbs (oil)
Boiler
Grate area89.6 sq ft
Firebox area390 sq ft
Tube heating area5,286 sq ft
Evaporative heating area5,676 sq ft
Superheater area1,500 sq ft
Total heating area7,176 sq ft
Power Plant
Driver diameter63 in
Boiler pressure225 psi
Expansion typesimple
Cylindersthree, center: 25 x 32 in
outside: 25 x 28 in
Power
Power sourcesteam
Estimated power4,000 hp (2,983 kW)
Optimal speed28 mph
Top speed70 mph
Starting effort91,071 lbf
Booster12,350 lbf
Calculated Values
steam locomotive
freight
passenger
booster
last changed: 04/2024
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